To reveal the profound changes occurred in China's process of “Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Aspects”， it is firstly should be measured by the progress of people's livelihood. The study on the livelihood demand mainly lies in the consumption demand of residents in their daily lives， in which includes the developments of the people's needs for a better life. From 2000 to 2016， the per capita value of all types of the residents' consumption demand data in national urban and rural comprehensive calculation steadily continued to increase. The residents' total consumption in 2016 was 6.13 times that of 2000， the material consumption was 5.65 times and the immaterial consumption was 7.27 times. The proportion of the residents' material consumption evidently fell over 5.46 percentage points and the proportion of the residents' immaterial consumption evidently rose over 5.46 percentage points， showing a certain upgrading change of the consumption structure. The regional disparity of the residents' total consumption， material consumption and immaterial consumption roundly continued to be reduced； the urban and rural ratio of the residents' total consumption， material consumption and immaterial consumption roundly continued to be reduced. The unbalanced development has improved in the field of the people's livelihood. But the residents' consumption rate evidently fell from 35.91% to 32.37%， it rose slightly while the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. In particular， the average annual growth of the residents' consumption expenditure was evidently 4.08 percentage points lower than the annual growth of fiscal expenditure. The residents' amassment rate evidently continued to rise from 22.57% to 28.44%， which in return aggravate the inhibition of consumption demand. Based on the dynamic prediction test of calendar year， the countrywide urban and rural ratio of the residents' total consumption will evidently be reduced， and its regional disparity will slightly be reduced to 2020； the urban and rural ratio of the residents' total consumption will continue to significantly be reduced， and its regional disparity will continue to slightly be reduced to 2035.