During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period，Jiangsu’s population development faces both opportunities and profound challenges. It is estimated that the working-age population aged 15-64 in the province will be reduced by 4 percentage points or 2.5 million，and the proportion of the total population will drop below 70% by the end of 2020. The labor force population of young and middle-aged people will have a larger decline. The labor force population aged 15-24 will be reduced by 16% or 1.5 million people，and the 25-44-year-old labor force population will be reduced by 7% or 1.8 million. In the permanent population，the proportion of elderly people over 60 years old exceeds 20%，and they enter a moderately aging society. By the end of 2020，it will reach 22%. In addition to the aging of the low birth rate，the sex ratio at birth in Jiangsu has remained high for a long period of time，and the gender imbalance of young men and women aged 20-35 has gradually become more prominent. In addition，both the old-age dependency ratio and the child dependency ratio have risen，and the burden of population support has increased. Comprehensively improve the overall quality of the population，continuously optimize the spatial layout of the population，actively respond to the aging of the population，promote the equalization of basic public services，promote the sharing and development of key populations，promote the coordinated and sustainable development of population and economy，society and resources，and accelerate human resources development. The province has changed from a strong human resources province，and it is necessary to step up reforms in terms of supporting measures to encourage the implementation of the two-child policy，actively responding to the aging of the population，and promoting non-domestic households to settle in cities and towns，laying the most important human resource foundation for an overall society.