Although the general trend of the political situation in Africa has stabilized in the new century，African countries have always faced relatively serious security problems. Changes in the regime have caused social turmoil，military conflicts continue to raging，and terrorist activities have spread around. The threat of public security is widespread in all countries. The series of changes in the security situation are the result of new factors such as the global economic crisis，geopolitical struggle and social ideological innovation over the past 10 years. The overall security situation in Africa in the next few years will not be greatly improved or even worsened. Due to the complex and volatile security situation in Africa，the investment risks faced by Chinese companies in Africa are unprecedentedly severe. Investment security incidents have increased in recent years. In order to response to the security challenges，China-Africa cooperation needs to combine the“ Belt and Road”initiative and create a new cooperation model. China needs to help Africa improve its ability to manage security.