The innovation and development of western region depends on the improvement of innovation ability of western region. On the basis of containing 22 subdivision index in building the evaluation index system of regional innovation ability，utilize factor analysis method to evaluate and compare innovative ability of China’s 31 provinces and regions in 2015，at the same time to evaluate strategic emerging industry competitiveness of 29 provinces and regions in 2015. Results show that innovation ability of western region as a whole is obviously on the low side，there is significant difference in innovation ability between various provinces of western region，it is urgent to improve the level of enterprise innovation to promote innovation ability of western region. Governments should increase investment in research and development of western region，implement differentiation innovation support policy，attract high-tech enterprises to settle in western region，strengthen the effect of demonstration and radiation of the superior enterprises，promote enterprise innovation ability to ascend.