From the standpoint of governing people，the basic characteristic of the Chinese political system is the separation of the power to govern officials from the power to govern people，which forms “the vertically decentralized authoritarianism”. The central government controls the rights of governing officials which includes appointment，supervision，rewards and punishment of the officials. With regard to governing people，it is the responsibility of local government. As long as the local officials don’t violate the principle of the central government，they can decide how to govern people under its jurisdiction for themselves. This authoritarian system contains two mechanisms to reduce the political risk of the central government：One is to disperse the political risk，and the other is to adjust the degree of the centralization of state power spontaneously. As a result the two mechanisms contribute to long-term stability of the authoritarian system.