要形成有效的非营利组织解释框架,就有必要对于非营利组织的内涵和功能重新认知,即解决非营利组织“何以可能”和“何以可为”的问题。弗姆金构建了二维的矩阵分析模式,将非营利组织的功能分为四种类型,包括需求导向-工具性(社会服务供给)、供给导向-工具性(社会企业)、需求导向-表达性(公民与政治参与)和供给导向-表达性(价值与使命)。而在实际运作中,过度地强化任何一种功能,都有可能触发非营利组织困境。弗姆金提出了“平衡之道”的解决策略,对四类非营利组织功能进行了较好的完善和补充。从弗姆金出发,我们可以得到如下启示:社会组织需要有不同的发展模式;在主体导向维度以及理性维度之外,应当关注非营利组织发展的其他维度;重视非营利组织功能发挥的制度环境;不断强化非营利组织的表达性功能。
<<To form an effective framework of the non-profit organization,it is necessary for us to reconstruct the cognition of the connotation and function within the non-profit organization,namely solving the problems of which “why it might to be possible” and “how it can be done” for the nonprofit organization. Peter Frumkin divided such function into four parts by constructing a two-dimensional matrix analysis model,including demand guide-instrumental(social service supply)、supply guide-instrumental(social business)、demand guide-expressive(citizen and political participation)and supply guide-expressive(value and mission). However,in practice,it is extremely possible that the predicament of non-profit organizations is able to be triggered by the excessive enhancement of any function. The solution Peter Frumkin proposed is the strategy of “the way of balance”,which improved and supplemented the functions of four types of non-profit organizations. Starting from the perspective of Peter Frumkin,we can get the following inspirations:Social organizations need different development models;it not only focuses on the subject-oriented dimension and the rational dimension,but also pays attention on other dimensions of the development of non-profit organizations;Put great emphasis on the institutional environment in which non-profit organizations operate;Constantly strengthen the function of expression of non-profit organizations.
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