Urban space is the carrier of the flow and distribution of all kinds of resources in cities. Urban development must be accompanied by the optimization of the spatial structure that reflects the degree，stage and process of urban development. On the basis of analyzing the present situation and main problems of Henan's urban spatial structure，The main ways to promote the continuous optimization of the urban space in Henan are to construct the multi center space structure，optimize the structure of the function group，establish the modern integrated transportation system，speed up the construction of the ecological open space and construct the modern urban system structure. Finally，the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to achieve the goal of enabling Henan to become a livable，industrial and ecological civilization space.