应急准备,又称备灾,是有效减缓灾害影响的重要途径,也是新时代灾害防治的新方向和新要求。近年来,我国开始强调关口前移,从注重事后处置向注重事前预防转变。2015年,我们对成都市某社区干部开展了一项小规模试调查(N=114),重点了解了社区第一响应人的应急准备情况及影响因素。问卷设计了20种应急准备活动,结果显示,总体上应急准备水平可接受,但是不容乐观。逐步回归分析显示政府信任度与应急准备水平显著负相关,男性干部应急准备程度更高。风险感知、对利益相关者责任分担感知和对其他利益相关者的信任状况作用并不显著。另外,我们重点分析了人们没有进行应急准备的原因。结果显示“没意识到”或者认为某项应急准备活动“没必要”是人们未采取应急准备的主要原因。本研究结果对风险防护行为研究以及应急准备/备灾实践具有重要启示意义。
<<Preparedness is critical to reducing potential impacts from disasters. It is also the new efforts proposed by the disaster and emergency management government agencies and practitioners in China,a country good at emergency response. This study surveyed 114 community leaders from one district in Chengdu city in a training workshop. The purpose of the workshop was to provide training for local first responders. 20 preparedness activities were proposed,and the overall results demonstrate that the preparedness level is acceptable. The step-wise regression method was adopted to explore the effects of trust in and feeling of responsibility of various stakeholders with the control of basic socioeconomic and demographic variables. Trust in government is negatively associated with the level of preparedness,and males tend to have a higher level of preparation.“Not aware”and“Don't think the activity is useful”are the dominant reasons for not preparing. This study contributes to enriching our understanding of the theory of adaptation behaviors and the needs of emergency management practice.
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