This paper discusses how to use collective action theory to solve the problem of natural resources self-governance. Right now the most important way to protect the natural resources are setting up the natural reserves or assigning powers to a local villager. Cupressus chengiana is classified the II National Protected plants，nearly year The distribution of Cupressus Chengiana have reported in the illegal logging in Sichuan Dadu river basin. Those old protection way cannot effectively stop the illegal logging so that cause the losing of natural resources. With questionnaire investigation and semi-structured interviewed，we know the protection willingness of villagers. Furthermore we Analysis the important challenges in communities’ natural resources self-governance. Altogether three innovative measures are suggested to take the collective action，namely，1）unified participants’ understanding；2）Selective incentive and 3）reducing the size of the organization. finally accomplished natural resources self-governance.