《超级合作者》是一部跨学科著作,它以生物学的基础理论、经济学的研究方法得出了社会学的普遍结论。竞争和合作是人类共同生活中的两种基本选择,达尔文以“优胜劣汰”“适者生存”为主导的进化论思想肯定了竞争在人类发展中的作用,而《超级合作者》却提出:合作行为是人类的自然选择。为论证这一观点,诺瓦克提出直接互惠、间接互惠、空间博弈、群体选择和亲缘选择五大合作机制,并将合作机制引入公共物品博弈的困境中,认为信息和声望能有效弥补公共物品博弈中出现的“公地悲剧”。
<<The book Super Cooperators is an interdisciplinary work.It adopts the basic theories of biology and the research methods of economics,and ultimately it reaches general conclusions about sociology.Competition and cooperation are two basic choices in community life.Darwin,based on his theory of evolutionthat emphasizes“survival of the fittest”and“positive natural selection,”proves the significance of competition in the course of human evolution;however,the author of Super Cooperatorssuggests that cooperation is a natural choice made by human beings.With a view to verifying thisview,Nowak proposes five scenarios with respect to a cooperation mechanism,namely,direct reciprocity,indirect reciprocity,network reciprocity,and group selection and kin selection.In addition,he introduces the cooperation mechanism to the game for public goods and believes that information and reputation can effectively offset the“tragedy of the commons”in the game for public goods.
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