美国是一个极端气象灾害频发的国家。特别是在飓风“卡特里娜”(Katrina)后,灾难应急管理成为美国政府高度重视的公共安全问题。面对飓风“厄玛”(Irma)登陆佛罗里达州给公众带来的巨大灾难,各级政府及组织部门展开了较为有效的灾难预测预警、应急响应与善后处理工作。灾前准备成为美国灾难应急管理的重要内容;有效的应急决策、信息沟通与社会动员提升了灾难应对效果;灾后“全社会参与”的灾难应对理念则一定程度上减少了次生灾难的发生。其灾难应急管理体制机制对我国应急管理的完善具有一定的启示意义。
<<The United States is a country with extreme weather disasters. Especially after Hurricane Katrina,disaster emergency management has become a public security issue that the U.S. government attached great importance. In the face of the hurricane “IRMA” brought great disaster to the public in Florida,government departments and organizations carried out effective disaster forecasting and early warning,emergency response and rehabilitation work effectively. Preparedness has become an important part of American disaster emergency management;effective emergency decision-making,information communication and social mobilization enhance disaster response effect;the disaster concept of “Whole of Community” reduces the occurrence of secondary disasters to a certain extent. The construction of disaster emergency management has a certain enlightenment for Chinese emergency management development.
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