Law is the guarantee of rights and interests. Managing the country according to law is an ideal state for the modernization of state governance. Old age security in China is being transformed from the rule of virtue and filial piety to a combinational rule of law，virtue and filial piety. The Chinese government has made a lot of efforts to build an age-friendly society for the purpose of increasing social benefits for the elderly and has achieved good results. However，due to the increased wealth owned by the elderly，the enhanced interests of intergenerational exchanges and more social participation of the elderly，the elderly people are likely to suffering from more infringement of rights and interests. At the same time，there is a big difference among the rights and interests protection of the elderly，the awareness of rights protection and ways of safeguarding rights. For example，rural elderly people who are widowed/divorced have poor health or low education level，are mostly like to suffer from rights and interests infringement. However，it is equally noteworthy to the distribution characteristics of the elderly who suffer from rights and interests infringement，such as the higher proportion of urban elderly being stolen and robbed，and the higher proportion of the elderly with a higher education level being deceived. Although old people have a higher degree of satisfaction with their rights，their actual awareness of rights protection is not strong and ways of safeguarding rights is rather monogamous. Moreover，there are only a very small percentage of old people seeking judicial help.