Since 1990，the elderly people in employment in China have seen fast increase in its number，among which younger and healthier old people take a large proportion，but shrinking gender gap in the elderly employment market. At the same time，the employment rate of the elderly population decreases sequentially in the east，middle and west and is significantly higher in rural areas than that in urban areas. In addition，the employment rate is affected by elderly people's education level. The number of on-the-job elderly people with junior high school education reaches a summit from which the employment rate decreases gradually according to this dividing point. The employment proportion of elderly people living alone is low，while the proportion of elderly people living with their spouses only as well as urban-rural elderly people with neet children is high. More than 80% of the elderly people in employment are mainly engaged in agricultural production by providing informal supports and in a low-end proposition of the occupational structure. Certainly，the occupational structure of the elderly population tends to be reasonable constantly. Although agricultural work still occupies an absolutely dominant position in this structure，its proportion has been declining. In comparison，the proportion of those engaged in social production and living services has been steadily rising.