In the context of a declining birthrate and a small family size，it is urgent for our society to provide the families of the challenged elderly with long-term care service and resource support. Otherwise，the issue faced with the challenged elderly will evolve into a serious social problem. The fourth sample research on the living conditions of urban-rural elderly in China shows that although the number of the elderly with no self-care ability of daily living in our country has been declining over time，there are still 4.2% of the elderly still can not take care of themselves in 2015. Factors，like age，gender，marital status，education，living environment and others will together affect the elderly people's abilities to take care themselves in daily living. The challenged elderly people's needs for long-term care service are prominent，while their economic conditions are in a poor status. At present，most of the challenged elderly have less willingness to stay in pension institutions and their care services are mostly provided by their families. Therefore，there is an urgent need for our society to provide long-term care service for the challenged elderly. In this regard，for the purpose of spreading the risk of the elderly losing their abilities to take care of themselves in their daily life，it is necessary to scientifically allocate health resources，make overall arrangements for the care services，improve the livable environment for challenged elderly，establish a policy system and social environment for the old-age care，filial piety and respect for the elderly and establish a long-term care system that is truly “based on the families，communities and institutions” for the challenged elderly and a prudent and long-term care insurance system.