Based on the data from National “Twelfth Five-Year” Plan for Science & Technology Support，the prevalence of major chronic diseases was analyzed on 132，178 physical examination people，from 8 health management centers in China. The results showed that the main chronic diseases of the national physical examination population were：hypertension（94.24‰），fatty liver（62.78‰），dyslipidemia（38.64‰），diabetes mellitus（34.02‰），chronic gastritis or gastric ulcer（29.27‰）. The prevalence of chronic diseases was significantly higher in male than in female. Age，educational level and occupation have significant influence on the condition of chronic disease. The main chronic diseases of physical examination population in China were cardiovascular disease，metabolic diseases and digestive diseases. We need to pay more attention on the health status and lifestyle in male with low educational level.