The 21st century is an era in which mankind fully exploits the oceans.Coastal countries have continuously stepped up their efforts in ocean development and utilization.Marine law enforcement and maritime rights protection have become the focus of social concern.In 2016，China has not only continued its consistent stance and principle in marine law enforcement and maritime rights protection，but has also formed a series of new trends of development along with the development needs of our marine undertakings and changes in the environment.Marine law enforcement and maritime rights protection have many characteristics.The attitude and position of maritime rights and interests maintenance have become clearer，and the construction of international cooperation mechanisms for safeguarding maritime rights and interests and enforcing the law of the sea has been significantly strengthened.What's more，as a fundamental means of safeguarding the rights and interests of the oceans，marine science and technology have become increasingly prominent in the national marine development planning.The development of the polar field is devoted to breaking new ground in technology，and constructing and improving the top-level design in order to promote marine legislation.Meanwhile，academic voices are gradually increasing in the issue of safeguarding maritime rights and interests.Although maritime law enforcement and maritime rights protection have emerged in our country，there are still some problems in law enforcement and maritime rights and interests protection in our country.For example，there is still a lack of integration and diversification of maritime law enforcement and safeguarding of maritime rights and interests.The mechanism of international cooperation in maritime law enforcement and marine rights protection requires to be expanded and perfected.As the basis for the protection of maritime rights and interests，marine science and technology needs further compaction，and the top-level design of maritime strategy has not been perfect yet.Last but not at least，from the respects of international cooperation mechanisms，scope and exploration of oceanic scientific research activities，the power of experts，and top-level design strategy，this paper gives some suggestions about marine law enforcement and marine rights protection in light of the existing problems.