The South China Sea is the largest of China's four major seas and the most abundant marine fishery resource.The growth of marine fishery production in the South China Sea in 2016 witnessed a year-on-year increase in various aspects over the previous year，which shows that the overall environment for fishery production in the South China Sea is still good.However，there are also many problems，mainly manifested in the reduction of coastal fishery resources and the increase in the area of marine pollution，the reduction of the population employed in fisheries，the irrational structure of fishery production，and the frequent occurrence of fishery disputes in the South China Sea.In view of the status quo and problems of fishermen and fisheries development in the South China Sea，we suggested that measures should be taken in the aspects of system，technology，market and personnel to promote the sustainable development of fishermen and fisheries in the South China Sea.