With the rapid decline of educational population，the number of students registered for the college entrance examination has dropped year by year.In addition，the contradiction between the guiding principle of education policy and the actual situation is prominent.The higher vocational colleges are faced with the increasingly serious enrollment crisis.By taking Shaanxi as an example，the paper illustrates the specific reasons for the student shortage crisis caused by population decline in the higher vocational colleges.From the perspective of top-level structure design and the scale of Shaanxi vocational education，the paper offers relevant solutions and suggestions.