The proposal of the Belt and Road Initiative has started a new era in the development of China's education opening up to the outside world. Relying on the relevant policies of economy，diplomacy and education，the education cooperation under Belt and Road Initiative adopts the basic promotion path of national top-level design，local planning follow-up and independent participation by higher education institutions in order to carry out all-round planning. Since July 2016 when the Ministry of Education issued the “Education Activities for Promoting Jointly Building the Belt and Road”，the education cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiatives has entered a substantial stage of development. Various work has been carried out around the overall orientation of “improving quality and improving efficiency” and achievements in six aspects have been realized：initial formation of a national-local-institutional three-tier educational activities network，unclogging educational cooperation channels through policy communication，enrichment of country studies，deepening of two-way students exchanges，formation of a new pattern of cooperatively-run schools and closer cooperation in scientific research activities. At the same time，the education cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative has also faced difficulties and challenges both internally and externally，domestically and abroad，and so forth. The risks and uncertainties associated with education cooperation have also increased. In order to promote the effective implementation of education cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative，we must start with the establishment of cooperation goals，cooperation mechanisms and cooperation measures so as to create rich，diverse and distinctive cooperation measures for building a universal educational community.