Ecological environmental protection is the important issue for the construction of the Belt and the Road，and the challenges faced are from the conflicts between the heavy development loads in the countries and regions along the Belt and the Road and the congenitally fragile ecological environments there. This paper analyzes the backgrounds for the ecological environment protection along the Belt and the Road and the exploration and practices made by China，and on this basis，this paper further discusses the cooperation mechanisms for the ecological environmental protection，including the construction of the Belt and the Road guided by the concept of ecological civilization，the construction of big data platform on ecological environment protection and the international alliance for green development along the Belt and the Road，and the ecological environmental protection networks along the Belt and the Road with various parties participated in，with that，guarantee mechanisms applicable to the ecological environmental cooperation will be effectively formed.