As the trade sectors that connect the producer and the consumer，fair trade social enterprise not only constitutes an important type of social enterprise，but also plays a significant role in fair trade.On the basis of backtrack of “four wave” in fair trade development history，we define the conception of fair trade social enterprise，explore multiple features from the economic，social and political dimensions，as well as the governance logic under different priority of the fair trade social enterprises.As part of social innovation，even though fair trade social enterprises comes from Europe，the positive effectiveness in China's external trade，internal poverty-alleviation and trade advocate is still not diminished.