The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the horizontal axis of China's national economy，so a healthy and functional ecological corridor along the river is crucial to the national security，strongly supporting economic development in this region. The prime challenge facing building the Ecological Corridor of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is still the contradiction between economic development and environmental protection（e.g. over-exploitation of water power harming the environment），and segmentation of administrative divisions is also incompatible with the continuity and integrity requirements of ecological corridor building. In order to promote the Ecological Corridor of the Yangtze River Economic Belt，it is needed to follow the green development road，turning the “green mountain” into “gold mountain” through innovative reforms；it is suggested to centralize the population and economic activities by optimizing the function of cities groups，leaving more green space to be protected；a cap should be exerted upon water power development rights；some giant inter-provincial ecological projects are needed as the platform to coordinate multi-provinces efforts in ecological restoration in the Yangtze Valley. In this process，Shanghai could make good use of its advantages in the respects of financial system，technological innovation，industry development and city functions to help other provinces，e.g. participating in exploiting and operating their ecological assets so as to turn their ecological advantages into economic advantages；mobilizing international technology resources to serve ecological restoration in other provinces；improving cities group network in the Yangtze Delta so as to centralize the population and economic activities towards the network nodes，leaving more space to natural ecology.