Basing on the survey data on Chinese children’s participation，a variance analysis of children’s participation in terms of gender，sibling structure and school quality is carried out using the method of statistical hypothesis testing. Children’s participation in this study includes children’s household participation，after-school life，school participation，extracurricular education participation，online participation，public affairs participation and so on. This study finds that there exist varied degrees of variances in their participation between girls and boys，between children from one-child families and those from multiple children families，and between key schools and ordinary schools in aspects such as family，school，after school，online and public affairs.