From 2010 to 2016，the Yangtze River Basin water environment was generally good，the total pollution emission continued to decline，and resource utilization improved steadily.While the ecological environment of the Yangtze River economic zone gradually improves，regional pollution is still prominent，and the efficiency of resource utilization is still room for improvement.The upper reaches of the Yangtze River own large resource endowment with low resource utilization efficiency；the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have a fast-developed economy but huge amount of pollution and gently increasing rate of resource utilization，while there are some environmental capacity in some areas；the lower reaches of the Yangtze River own small resource endowment and some areas have broken through the ecological threshold，but the resource utilization efficiency is high.The Yangtze River Basin is still developing industry as the main driving force，but the industrial pollution is serious.The ecological environment quality imbalances and the ecological environment supply and consumption dislocates in the Yangtze River Basin，while high carbon energy consumption structure leads to high intensity carbon dioxide emissions.The construction of ecological environment in the Yangtze River economic zone requires collaborative governance，information construction and precise control.