This paper，by using various statistical data，analyzes various provinces and cities，urban and rural areas，different ownership units，serving and retired worker's income level and change trend of the Yangtze economic belt.Also，it presents the regional differences and structural differences of income distribution of the Yangtze economic belt.Then，it analyzes the factors such as the natural environment，population development，economic foundation and policy system which causes the difference in income distribution.Finally，this paper puts forward some policy suggestions for reducing the income gap between the regions，urban and rural areas and different ownership enterprises.