Influenced by many historical and practical factors，the basic attitudes of Vietnamese government towards “the Belt and Road” initiative has experienced the transformation from “vigilance and observation” to “cautions welcome”. At this stage，China and Vietnam have developed cooperation in the areas of infrastructure construction，production capacity，trade，finance and culture，which paved the road for further cooperation between the two countries led by “the Belt and Road” initiative. But there are still some obstacles on the way toward further cooperation，such as the lack of political trust，the prominent bilateral problems，the weak cultural soft power of China，and the disparate development and complicated security situation of Vietnam. China and Vietnam should adhere to the idea of equal interaction in cooperation，insisting on enhancing strategic mutual trust and establishing bilateral long-term platforms and mechanisms of cooperation，in order to build the People-to-People Bond.