The year 2016 marked the sixth year of the still-raging civil war in Syria. The on-going conflicts among several factions are just half of the story. The intervention of the international community has made the war more complicated，fueling conflicts and struggles within the country which is exhausted by continuous turbulence. Behind the Syrian Civil War is，in fact，the great power game. Syria has become the wrestling arena for the power struggle between the United States and Russia. Russia's involvement in the Syrian Civil War serves multiple purposes，including winning back the traditional interests of Russia in Syria. Given the valuable geopolitical position of Syria in the Middle East，the geopolitical game around Syria will continue. Russian military presence in Syria is intended to show the rise of Russia as a great power. To this end，Russia has started a new geopolitical game with the United States in the Middle East，and the solution to the Syrian issue ultimately comes down to the United States and Russia.