Lack of social capital is the root of mutual distrust between doctors and patients. Trust is regarded as relationship model from the perspective of social capital theory，as well as doctor-patient trust is seen as good interpersonal interaction based on roles cognition. There are two important factors affecting interpersonal trust，that is，characteristic cognition and relationship cognition. Reflected on the doctor-patient relationship，the role characteristic cognitive including doctors’ capacity and patients’ personality，the relationship cognitive including relation from horizontal distance and from vertical level，this is the most significant factors which effect doctor-patient trust. From individual level-relationship dimensions of the social capital theory，the consistent of role cognition and interpersonal interaction in doctor-patient trust increase social capital stock，as well as accumulation of trust social capital promotes communication and understanding between doctor and patient.