The crisis of trust between doctors and patients has become a serious problem which could not be ignored in China. In fact，based on social exchange theory，the doctor-patient trust relationship is a kind of social exchange，which is composed of doctors and patients as subjects. In order to realize self-value or get material rewards，doctors work to save lives. In order to restore health and improve quality of life，patients spend money to buy health services. After cost-effect evaluation and sensing inequality of the relationship，they will generate a loss，as well as mental and behavioral imbalance；even worse，this situation will lead to a tensional doctor-patient relationship. At first，we analyzed the exchange type and power structure between doctors and patients in this study. Besides，we ventured the ideal exchange model—reciprocal exchange relationship and the ideal power model—roughly equal relationship. At last，we provided some improvement strategy for improving doctor-patient trust relationship.