Supervision，monitoring and evaluation has been the important policy instruments for ensuring the implementation of the campaign against poverty in China. They are also important components for the governance of poverty reduction of the country. China has developed a complete and well functioned system for supervision，monitoring and evaluation of the program of poverty reduction after years tests and studies. Varied institutions and methods for supervision，monitoring and evaluation have been in place for the supervision and evaluation of the implementation of concerned policies，the identification of the eligible poor households，the performance of CCP secretary and governments in poverty reduction，the effects of earmark funds for poverty reduction as well as the exits of poverty. Some problems still exist in the designed institutions and methods as well as the application of the results，which should be addressed rightly.