In order to understand the rural left behind women’s rights and their understanding of the interests of ecological，this paper gives the empirical research about them in the western Henan five villages on the basis of the other bibliography. The survey finds out that rural left-behind women’s ecological awareness has improved，but still lack of overall understanding of the rural environment；they maintain a strong sense of ecological interests，but lack of proactive and effective measures；they believe that the main difficulties comes from three levels such as the government，enterprises and individuals. In the practice of rights protection，reflecting the problem to the village committee is the main way to protect the ecological interests of the left-behind women，but their measures are passive. They look forward to more effective measures. Therefore，we need the further innovation in the form of ecological education of left-behind women，strengthen the building of rural grassroots government functions，improve the institutional system of rural environment，optimizing the ecological environment in rural areas access to information channels