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    杜仲橡胶应用技术研发新进展

    摘要

    杜仲橡胶应用研发取得了新的进展,为杜仲产业化发展提供了有力支撑。按比例共混天然杜仲橡胶、顺丁胶和三叶橡胶可制成高耐磨、高耐疲劳、高定伸强度、低滚动阻力的轮胎胶,通过合适的配比甚至可以达到航空轮胎的标准要求;经过配方的优化还可生产出节油3%以上的绿色半钢子午胎;研制出的高速航空轮胎,通过了397公里/小时的高速飞行模拟试验,各项指标达到同类高速航空轮胎的最高水平,标志着世界首条应用生物基杜仲橡胶航空轮胎研制成功;研发出基于杜仲橡胶自修复功能的弹性体材料,通过向改性生物基杜仲橡胶中引入大量动态可逆的化学键或离子,赋予杜仲橡胶如生命组织体一样的自修复功能,使得生物基杜仲橡胶自修复材料的修复效率超过90%,其可以应用于电动汽车、机器人、锂电池及人造肌肉等,不仅能自动修复使用过程中造成的损耗,而且能降低成本并延长使用寿命,可广泛应用于国防、船舶、航空航天、医疗等多个领域;采用改性生物基杜仲橡胶增韧的方法,制备出聚乳酸塑料增韧剂,增韧后的聚乳酸塑料韧性达到纯聚乳酸的24倍,将为聚乳酸塑料在汽车、航空航天与医用领域中的应用打开更大的空间;将杜仲橡胶与聚丙烯和聚乳酸共混,可明显改变共混物的拉伸行为,使脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变;采用动态硫化的方法还可制备出不同类型的共混型热塑性硫化胶;使用了杜仲橡胶的高铁减震部件球铰减震等性能大大改善,为高速铁路提速,增强乘坐安全性与舒适性提供了优质材料与技术保障。

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    Abstract

    New progress has been made in the application research and development of Eucommia rubber,which provide a strong support for the industrialization of Eucommia ulmoides . High wear resistance,high tensile modulus and low rolling resistance of tire glue could be made by blending Eucommia rubber with butadiene rubber and natural rubber,through appropriate ratio can even reach the aviation tire standard;after the optimization of the formula can also produce the semi-steel radial tire that can save at least 3% of gas consumption. High-speed aviation tire has been passed 397 km/h high-speed flight simulation test,all the indicators have reached the best between the same kind,marking the successful development of the first bio-based Eucommia rubber aviation tire around the world. Self-repairing elastomer materials have been developed by adding a large number of dynamic reversible ion or chemical bond to the modified bio-based Eucommia rubber,the self-repairing efficiency can reach more than 90%,which can not only automatically repair the loss caused by the use process,but also can extend the service life and reduce the cost,the self-repairing materials can widely applied to the aerospace,national defense,medical treatment,etc. Polylactic acid plastic toughening agent has been developed by toughening modified bio-based Eucommia rubber,the toughness was 24 times of pure polylactic acid materials,it will open up more space for the application of polylactic acid plastic in the automotive,aerospace and medical fields. By blending Eucommia rubber with polypropylene and poly lactic acid,the properties of blend will be changed from brittle fracture to ductile fracture;by dynamic vulcanization can also develop different kinds of blended thermoplastic vulcanizate. The use of Eucommia rubber greatly improved damping performance of spherical hinge of high-speed railway,which could provide high-quality materials and technical support for improving safety and comfort of high-speed railway.

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    作者简介
    方庆红:方庆红,男,博士,教授,沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院(沈阳,110142),主要从事高性能橡胶材料研制及橡胶复合材料力学性能研究。
    孙志强:孙志强,中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心(国家林业局杜仲工程技术研究中心),河南郑州,450003。
    王璐:王璐,中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心(国家林业局杜仲工程技术研究中心),河南郑州,450003。
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