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谢伏瞻
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李培林
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    我国林木良种保护现状及杜仲良种推广与保护策略

    摘要

    为提升人们对杜仲良种和新品种等知识产权的保护意识,规范杜仲良种和新品种推广行为,提高推广效率,本文从我国林木良种及新品种保护现状入手,通过对国外林木良种或新品种知识产权保护措施和实施办法的分析,对我国目前的林木良种或新品种推广及保护做法、存在问题进行了讨论。东西方国家在林木新品种知识产权保护的权利人范围、制度形式等方面存在差异。我国林木良种和新品种知识产权保护存在推广体系不完善,法律保障机制不健全,违法成本低,法律意识淡薄,信用体系建设亟待加强,评价技术体系不完善等问题,导致侵权行为时有发生。针对上述突出问题,我们探索出适宜杜仲良种推广的区域授权模式,即以企业为推广主体,本着互利双赢、促进良种推广与产业发展的原则,签订良种转让协议,在法律许可的框架下严格按照合同规定的条款进行杜仲良种的繁育推广,有效避免了良种推广过程中的无序繁育、恶性竞争和参差不齐、假冒伪劣等现象的发生,保证了良种依法依规有序推广,这对促进我国杜仲产业健康可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。

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    Abstract

    To enhance the consciousness about protection of intellectual property for Eucommia ulmoidesvarieties,and to regularize tree extending behavior of plant variety protection of new varieties and improved varieties and increase extending efficiency of tree varieties. This paper analyzed the difference between improved-tree varieties and new tree varieties,and researched on the protection laws or rules among foreign states,meanwhile,discussed the methods and existing problems in China. Finally,based on the current practice of Eucommia ulmoides industry,putted forward some suggestions. The results showed that these were significant difference with foreign country among concepts,rights character,and approval authorities and application conditions,and we found the China was one of the strictest nations in the world. And in the protection of intellectual property on the world,those were difference among the scope of protection,patterns of institutionalization,respectively country. The USA was the first and perfect protection for varieties breeder by patent and the laws;and the national pattern had the three types:act of government,the model of university and business cooperative education,and private behavior. The existing problems in China included imperfect extending system,inadequate legal,lower protection consciousness,lowest unlawful cost,weak credit and imperfect evaluation technology system etc. Based on above problems,we designed the current method in E. ulmoidesindustry that was the domain(province) authorization,and the objects were the enormous potentiality company. The principle based on win-win under national laws and aimed the tree varieties extending,the pathway was realized through transfer agreement. The current practice for improved-varieties extending in E. ulmoides industry has been the efficient,and the aim have been success for disorder reproduction,cutthroat competition,false and shoddy seedlings. This method will benefit for quick and high-efficient development in E. ulmoidesindustry

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    作者简介
    朱高浦:朱高浦,中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心(国家林业局杜仲工程技术研究中心),河南郑州,450003
    杜红岩:杜红岩,中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心(国家林业局杜仲工程技术研究中心),河南郑州,450003
    胡文臻:胡文臻,中国社会科学院社会发展研究中心,北京,100732。
    乌云塔娜:乌云塔娜,中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心(国家林业局杜仲工程技术研究中心),河南郑州,450003
    刘攀峰:刘攀峰,中国林业科学研究院经济林研究开发中心(国家林业局杜仲工程技术研究中心),河南郑州,450003
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