In this paper，we construct a theoretical model of a static and dynamic behavior of household production，use the national rural fixed observation point large sample data of farmers from 2009 to 2013，define whether farmers receive dividends from farmers' cooperatives as a measure of whether farmers join the farmer cooperatives，analyses the influence of joining in farmers' cooperatives for household grain productivity on the basis of the establishment of stochastic frontier production function model.The results show that farmers' participation in farmers' cooperatives can significantly increase the productivity of the family's grain crops.In the short term，farmers join to farmers' cooperatives can increase the agricultural inputs of unit labor，to shorten the distance to the production frontier.In the long run，the farmer cooperatives will realize the rationalization of farmers' input of agricultural productive materials and realize the improvement of the grain productivity of the farmers through the means of agricultural social services.In addition，the sale of agricultural products，the ratio of non-agricultural income and proportion of outside working time，access to the Internet，whether it is the party members and feminization of labor force have a positive impact on farmers' grain crop productivity.Nitrogen ratio，aging of labor force is not conducive to the upgrading of the level of farmers' grain productivity.Therefore，improve the surplus distribution system of farmers' cooperatives，give full play to the spillover effect based on agricultural social service，broaden the value chain of agricultural products，develop new formats and new industries in rural areas are some important measure to improve farmers' grain productivity.