Since the implementation of reform and opening policy，the personnel system reform of state-owned enterprises is contentiously deepened. The reform started from the labor，personnel and income distribution systems in stated-owned enterprises，gradually to achieve the goal of building a modern enterprise system. By summarizing the history and development process of personnel system reform of state-owned enterprises，this chapter identifies five focuses in deepening personnel system reform of state-owned enterprises under current situation：exploration of employee stock ownership plans in mixed ownership enterprises； implementation of the duties of board member； marketization of the selection and recruitment of managers； reform of differentiated distribution of enterprise incomes； and the implementation of professional manager system.