On the basis of combing the concept of residents’ self-efficacy，we have compiled a measurement tool for Residents’ Self-efficacy in this study，referring to the General Self-Efficacy Scale（GSES）by Ralf Schwarzer（1981），Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Scale（RES）by Caprara et al.，（2008），Economic Self-efficacy of Dimension Scale & Economic Self-efficacy of Type Scale by Yao Jin-yu（2009），the Scale of Perceived Social Self efficacy（PSSE）by Smith and Betz（1999）. Through project analysis，exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis，a questionnaire of residents’ self-efficacy was formed in six dimensions and 25 projects. And then within the jurisdiction area of Beijing from seven representative community as sample，we used the questionnaire to analyze the residents’ self-efficacy in six types of communities in Beijing. Further the relationship between residents’ self-efficacy and mental health was discussed. Finally integrated the results of the study，we attempt to put forward suggestions and countermeasures，and for the reference if future practicing of social governance policy and community work.