China and Thailand continuously expand the breadth and depth of security cooperation，under the new international security situation in the 21st century，and have made significant achievements. The two countries strengthen security cooperation based on their different strategic motivation and common security threats：China regards it as a strategic fulcrum to breakthrough the “Security Dilemma of a Great Rising Power”；Thailand treats it as a strategic emphasis to alleviate “Small Country’s Security Vulnerability”；objectively，traditional security factors remain and new security threats highlight in Asia，it requires the two countries to cope with by close cooperation. Their security cooperation is restricted by the U.S. factor as well as ASEAN countries’ common ambivalence toward China. The growing economic interdependence will create new space for security cooperation between two countries，and terrorism becomes the most severe security challenges that they must jointly combat，to safeguard peace and stability in the region.