The process of urbanization brings the rapid increase of migrant population.In this context，understanding the social and cognitive development of migrant children is conducive to revealing the impact of environmental change on the development of individuals.It can also promote the physical and mental health of migrant children，and remarkably guarantee the harmony and stability of our society.Since 2007，some studies have been conducted on the characteristics，the influencing factors and the internal mechanism of the development of migrant children.This paper will summarize the researches and mainly elaborate two issues：the pressure and challenge of environmental change to children's social adaptation and the positive effects of the immigration from rural area to urban area on children's creativity.Finally，we also proposed some suggestions for future researches.