During the post-war economic growth period，severe air pollution occurred all over Japan. Initially，government and enterprises responded negatively，but the victims launched an anti-pollution movement，and with the help of media power，the consensus of anti-pollution spread to all over the country. The nation gave priority to economy while environmental protection measures were lagging behind. Local government leaders who were selected because of the declaration to strengthen the pollution control measures played a leading role，and in the local public action lawsuit，defendants have been sentenced to pay high compensation，forcing governments and businesses to change their attitudes. In 1970，Japan enacted and revised 14 public hazard laws and established the Environment Department the following year. In addition，they implemented incentive measures，personnel training and qualification system，compensation system for damages and other comprehensive measures，and enterprises’ investment to prevent pollution and appropriate environmental management have made significant achievements.

Although the plant’s countermeasures and technological innovation reduced vehicle emissions，the effect was erased by the increase in vehicle utilization. Local accidents occurred successively，and the state has been seriously accountable. Tokyo began to strengthen the total control of vehicle air pollution，and pollution situation gradually improved. Japan’s case of calculating pollution prevention costs and benefits showed that the pollution control measures are economically rational. For the impacts to macroeconomic，pollution prevention has a positive impact on creating new demand，so the overall impact on the macroeconomic is limited. The discussion of pollution countermeasures is often too concerned about the immediate costs，but in addition to the realization of environmental improvement to protect the health of people，they also have secondary role of creating employment，innovating technology，enhancing international competitiveness and so on，which promoted social stability，and thus need to be understood in a broader sense.