Based on the dynamic monitoring data of the National Health and Family Planning Commission from 2011 to 2015，the paper analyzed the structural characteristics of the floating population in Beijing from five aspects：the basic structure，the survival structure，the spatial structure，the status structure and the security structure. The study found that the overall quality of the floating population in Beijing is relatively low and the trend of family mobility is obvious；Employment structure，class structure and the industrial structure match，but the employment status is not high，the social status is relatively low and the class structure hollowing is obvious；Income and consumption structure has been optimized，but the income level and the consumption level is not high；The characteristics of Urban-rural regional structure reflect that in the floating population，agricultural household registration are more，their household registered provinces are concentrated and they mainly live in the six districts in central Beijing；Living conditions are acceptable and the structure of social insurance has been optimized，but under the influence of the relevant policies，the living environment and the insured rate is difficult to change significantly.