Russia is the largest country in the world by surface area. Though facing complex geopolitical situation，various socio-economic challenges，and many hurdles for economic recovery，Russia has the firm intention of consolidating its national innovation system and pursuing international cooperation. This report makes comprehensive analysis of Russia’s difficult economic situation，background，measures and endeavours for pursuing STI development，human resources，STI governance，and trend of international cooperation. Then，it puts forward appropriate suggestions on direction for further STI policy reform，priority industries，improvement of entrepreneurship environment，and removal of administrative barriers blocking the development of start-ups.