S&T priorities serve as a basis for the formulation of science，technology，and innovation（STI）policies by a country. Therefore，identifying common priorities of S&T cooperation jointly by BRICS countries becomes increasingly important and meaningful. Drafting agendas understandable and acceptable to all BRICS countries requires comprehensively analysis of BRICS countries’ socio-economic requirements，S&T potential，and priorities for S&T cooperation. In the beginning，this report elaborates the current state of BRICS S&T cooperation，from the perspectives of BRICS countries’R&D resources，international publications and their thematic structure，and publications by intra-BRICS collaboration. After that，it analyses BRICS countries’potential of S&T development and priorities for possible S&T cooperation from three information sources，namely，results of bibliometric and patent analysis，official documents of BRICS countries on S&T cooperation（bilateral and multilateral），and strategic national documents on BRICS countries’S&T development. Finally，it suggests 14 priority areas for BRICS countries’future S&T cooperation and approaches for facilitating such cooperation.