In order to realize “equal rights of the same city”，it is necessary and difficult of hukou reform to reduce urban household registration barriers，and make agricultural population transfering conveniently into townspeople. As one experimental unit of new urbanization comprehensive reforms provinces，difficulties and challenges of Jiangsu include：Firstly，it is passive of aspiration to settle in the city；Secondly，it is unreasonable of the mechanism for the cost-sharing of household registration. Thirdly，there are some defects in the designs of the new hukou policies in some cities. There are some countermeasures following：promote equally basic public service，establish a financial input mechanism matching the hukou reforms，and allow local governments to make modest innovations in investment，financing and land use，and use the superior strategy of the state on designing policies about permanent residency.