多元文化经验是一把双刃剑,以往研究发现它可以提升创造性,但本研究认为它也会增强外文化排斥反应。91名具有不同多元文化经验的中国大学生对麦当劳在长城开分店的中美文化混搭情境进行了评价。对于多元文化经验较少(从来未出国和留美时间4~6个月)的被试,开放性高低对他们评价麦当劳的态度没有影响;对于多元文化经验较多(留美时间2年以上)的被试,那些开放性较高的人比开放性较低的人对麦当劳有更负面的评价(外文化排斥);多元文化经验和开放性的这一交互作用只存在于对中国文化有较高认同的被试身上。进一步的深度访谈和质性分析表明,具有丰富多元文化经验的人所产生的外文化排斥反应与对文化信息的深加工有关。这些研究结果对“认知深加工产生整合反应,认知浅加工产生排斥反应”的观点做出了重要补充。
<<Multicultural experience is a double-edged sword. It may enhance the integrative reactions among open-minded individuals,but it can also evoke exclusionary reactions toward foreign cultures. 91 Chinese undergraduates with few or relatively extensive multicultural experience evaluated a print ad of McDonald’s plan to open a shop at the Great Wall. Among those who have less extensive multicultural experience,openness was not related with their attitude toward the McDonald’s. Among those who have more extensive multicultural experience,openness was associated with a higher level of negative attitude to the McDonald’s. The interactive effects of multicultural experience and openness were more likely to occur for individuals who identified more strongly with Chinese culture. Qualitative analysis based on in-depth interviews with participants showed that the exclusionary reactions toward McDonald’s arose from effortful instead of reflexive cognition. These results challenge the current in culture-mixing studies that integrative reactions result from effortful information processing and exclusionary reactions from reflexive information processing.
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