Wild stocks of marine organisms are heavily depleted and resources have dramatically decreased due to a few factors like overfishing and environmental pollution. Fishery resource stock enhancement is an effective method for restocking and enhancing fishery biomass，and repairing the marine fish ecological environment. And it has become one of the most important measures in conserving of the living aquatic resources in many countries. Stock enhancement is a complicated systematic project，but there are few systematical studies on stock enhancement in our country. Therefore，there is certain blindness in present stock enhancement work. In this paper，the status of marine stock enhancement in China was reviewed，and the ecological and genetic impacts of stock enhancement which should be considered in the practice were analyzed. In the meanwhile，the paper made a comprehensive review on the existing issues in marine stock enhancement in our country，and given related recommendations. It is hoped to provide valuable references for the management on future marine stock enhancement programs and fish resource sustainable utilization of China.