Supported by a series of preferential policies，China’s agricultural economy and rural development remain a stable progression in 2016. The proportion of the primary industry in the national economy has further declined.，Although the output of grain has another harvest，the total grain production has declined slightly over the previous year，ending its continuous growth for 12 years. Rice and wheat imports increased，corn imports declined. The income of rural residents keeps growing，and the urban-rural income ratio declines to 2.72. Domestic producer prices of wheat，rice and maize all fall obviously，which affected by the reduction of international grain prices，while pork price has a significant increase. In general，China’s agricultural economic growth still has a strong endogenous momentum. However，the inherent problems in agricultural economy are increasingly prominent. Potential contradiction between grain supply and demand still exists. The excessive use of fertilizer results in serious non-point source pollution and food safety issues. China’s agriculture economy still suffers from low competitiveness in global market. And it becomes more difficult to further increase farmers’ income. Accordingly，we should adjust the national food security policy，attach more importance toimprove the international competitiveness of agriculture，establish a long-term mechanism to promote farmers’ income，and provide policy support for the green transformation of agriculture and rural areas.