Combining with the actual situation of country and Sichuan from the construction of regional ecological civilization，this article proposes to build a new system of natural resources property rights and state the meaning，connotation，work bases，system framework，overall objectives and recent tasks of this new system. This article also expounds 5 strategies to accelerate the natural resources property rights system construction which are to learn from the international advanced experiences，to break through the misunderstandings and set up the new concept of resources，to be supported by the modern technologies and platform，to build a modern talent team，to need support of policies and measures. The innovation of this study lies in redefining the two different concepts of resources and environment，clarifying the differences of them in the economic，social and ecological values and in terms of assets，property rights，values and market，providing a new way to break through the epistemology and methodology of natural resources property rights system construction.