A study on the education of studying abroad by focusing on the international students will help to explore the modern transformation in Taiwan from a new perspective，and to address the interactions between international education and national development in modern times. This paper aimed at to give a brief and quiet analysis and appraisal of Taiwan’s education of studying abroad from 1949 to 1976，by discussing the evolution of official policies and regulations regarding overseas education，presenting the multiple characteristics of Taiwanese students overseas，and summing up the important contributions of returned Taiwanese students in the development and progress of economy，education and science in contemporary Taiwan. It concluded that the students studying abroad have prompted and accelerated the economic modernization，political democratization and social progress，and will continue to play some indispensable roles in the modern transformation in Taiwan and the advance of Cross-Strait relations and peaceful unification of China.