This paper analyzes the characteristics of economic and trade cooperation between Central Asian countries and China in 2016. It shows that the cooperation is going out of predicament gradually，trade situation is getting better，investment is increasing rapidly，and regional cooperation is remarkable. At the same time，institutional barriers in the field of trade and investment，which were ignored by governments，became the deep cause of restriction on bilateral economic and trade cooperation development. Exorbitant cost of cross-border trade，strict access standards for architecture market and low level of market openness seriously hinders the development bilateral trade and investment. We should consolidate the foundation of the law about bilateral economic and trade cooperation in the future，implement the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement，the SCO Agreement on International Road Transportation Facilitation and bilateral taxation conventions and etc. A new round of bilateral investment protection agreement negotiations should be started in a good time under the framework of the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt，establishing a new mechanism for new pattern of dispute settlement mechanism and risk prevention mechanism，to provide essential legal guarantee for expanding investment. At the same time，we should discuss about establishment a new style of financing mechanism，introduce PPP financing pattern，extending FDI patterns like acquisitions. China and Central Asian countries should deepen customs cooperation，cross-border transport and other facilitation measures，eliminate investment barrier，establishing the institutional basis for steady trade cooperation between Central Asian countries and China. We forecast that in 2017，trade cooperation between Central Asian countries and China will maintain a slow recovery.