The Arctic is becoming a new stage of international cooperation for countries in Northeast Asia. Russia is the biggest country in the Arctic. In recent years，Russia has been continuously strengthening its political，economic and military strategy，trying to control affairs of regional development of the Arctic. While Japan，who is in the strategic transition，has the double identity as a northeast Asian country and a near Arctic country，thus the attention of Japan to the Arctic is also on increase. This paper analyzes the basic ideas of Russia’s current Arctic strategy，the historical process of Japan’s participation in the Arctic governance，and Japan’s current concern in the Arctic. And it analyzes the paths of the Japan-Russia cooperation in energy development，channel utilization，scientific research and environmental protection.